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Figure 1 Comparison of TACE/GAPDH (a) and TNF-alpha/GAPDH (b) levels in serial endomyocardial biopsy samples of patients and control subjects. Both TNF-alpha/GAPDH and TACE/GAPDH mRNAs were expressed to a higher level in initial biopsy samples than in repeat biopsy samples (TNF-alpha/GAPDH ratio 5.54 ± 0.67 vs. 3.33 ± 0.52, p = 0.03; TACE/GAPDH ratio 4.36 ± 0.29 vs. 1.74 ± 0.17, p < 0.01). MC = myocarditis.