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Figure 1 Treatment protocol. Standard ACLS was initiated in patients with cardiac arrest on arrival at the emergency room. When ROSC could not be achieved, emergency CPB plus IABP were immediately performed. In the cases of suspected acute coronary syndrome, emergency coronary angiography or coronary reperfusion therapy for acute coronary-artery occlusion were subsequently performed. When patient’s systolic blood pressure was increased above 90 mm Hg and Glasgow coma scale score was between 3 and 5, mild hypothermia by coil cooling was induced. ACLS = advanced cardiac life support; CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass; IABP = intraaortic balloon pumping; ROSC = return of spontaneous circulation.