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Figure 2 Example of synchronous left atrial (LA) and pulmonary vein (PV) tracings with the respective a and v peak pressures and x and y nadir pressure points. (B) PV pressure pullback tracing. Top panel, from left to right: the Millar pressure catheter is slowly withdrawn from a retrograde wedge position deep within a left lower PV to the PV sinus in the LA cavity. Lower left and right panels: magnification of LV and PV pressure tracings, respectively, near the Millar catheter wedge position and proximal to the PV sinus. The thin line represents the LV pressure, and the thick line the PV pressure tracing. a = left atrial peak a wave pressure; ECG = electrocardiogram; LAP = left atrial pressure; LVP = LV pressure; PVP = PV pressure; v = left atrial peak v wave pressure; x = left atrial x pressure nadir; y = left atrial y pressure nadir.