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Figure 7 Effective refractory periods at multiple cycle lengths (standard extra-stimulus method) and the effective refractory period during AF (ERPAF). The effective refractory periods determined by the standard extra-stimulus method at multiple cycle lengths and ERPAF in the baseline condition (circles) and after pilsicainide administration (squares) are illustrated. Data are shown mean ± SD. In the baseline condition, ERPAF was shorter than the effective refractory period determined by the standard extra-stimulus method (basic cycle length 150 ms). After pilsicainide administration, the effective refractory period was increased particularly at shorter cycle lengths, which was most prominent during AF, reflecting use-dependent block property of this drug. *p < 0.01 versus baseline; p < 0.05 versus baseline.