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Figure 3 Mean gradient observed at rest (lower solid line) and during peak exercise (upper solid line) and expected mean gradient at peak exercise (dashed line) as a function of indexed EOA at rest. The exponential curves representing the observed gradient at rest and during peak exercise were constructed using the regression equations given in Figure 1. The curve representing the expected behavior of gradient during maximal exercise (dashed line) was derived from the resting curve (lower solid line) assuming incremental increase in mean flow rate and a constant EOA during exercise. EOA = effective orifice area.