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Figure 2 Coronary sinus lactate study with incremental atrial pacing in CEA. The rates of CLM (mean ± SD) without premedication (open bars) and after the administration of 0.8 mg NTG (solid bars) are depicted on the ordinate. The time of blood sampling appears on the abscissa: baseline (BL) and every 3 min during incremental atrial pacing at 100, 120, 140 and three times 160 beats/min, 1, 3 and 5 min after cessation of pacing. Within the bars, the number of patients is indicated in whom pacing had to be stopped prematurely because of angina pectoris. (A) All patients of the study group (n = 42). (B) Patients with frank cardiac lactate production (subgroup I, n = 18). (C) Patients with moderate myocardial ischemia (subgroup II, n = 14). (D) Patients without metabolic evidence of cardiac ischemia (subgroup III, n = 10).