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Figure 3 Schematic representation of the substrates of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase. Substrates of cAMP-dependent protein kinase may be thought of as belonging to the subset whose phosphorylation contributes to the increased mortality seen with beta-adrenergic receptor agonists and PDE3 inhibitors and/or to the subset whose phosphorylation contributes to increased contractility. The extent of overlap between the two subsets is unknown.