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Figure 3 Expression levels of the mRNAs encoding cardiac RyR (A) and Ca²⁺-ATPase (B) in the atrial tissue of patients with either atrial fibrillation (AF) or normal sinus rhythm (NSR), and representative data showing the levels of the two mRNAs. In patients with AF, there was a significant depression in the expression levels of RyR mRNA (A) and Ca²⁺-ATPase mRNA (B) in each atrium (by comparison with the levels in the right atrium of patients with NSR). R, right atrium; L, left atrium. Data are mean ± SD.