Click on image to view larger version.

Figure 3 Variability in circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) levels in heart failure and control subjects. The degree of TNF- variability was assessed by determining the coefficient of variation (CV) (see Methods) for daily, weekly and monthly TNF- levels. Each data point shown reflects the CV for a given subject. Heart failure patients are depicted by closed diamonds, and healthy control subjects are depicted by open squares. The mean ± SEM of the CVs in each group are shown to the right of each scatter plot.

* = p < 0.05 compared with control subjects.