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Figure 1 Schematic depiction of set-up used and location of the injectate temperature sensor (thermistor) for each group. For cooled injections using the standard technique (top), the thermistor was either: 1) affixed to the outside of the cooled injectate bag which was then suspended in an ice slurry (Cooled Group 1); 2) suspended in an ice slurry adjacent to cooled injection syringes prefilled with injectate (Cooled Group 2); or 3) mounted inside the injection syringe apparatus to record the temperature of the cooled injectate as it exited the syringe (Cooled Group 3). For ambient temperature injections using the standard technique (not shown), the injectate thermistor was placed in a water bath maintained at room temperature. For all injections using the dual thermistor catheter technique (bottom), the injectate thermistor was mounted in contact with the injectate lumen of the thermodilution catheter to allow measurement of temperature just before the solution entered the right atrium.