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Figure 4 Sequential changes in CAs during positive HUT alone or with ISP provocation. Baseline EP levels were similar in the two groups. In the ISP-independent group, EP levels increased gradually during upright posture and showed a significant increase at –3 min and a maximum increase at positive response (A). In the ISP-dependent group, EP levels increased gradually, and the difference reached the significance level at positive response (B). In both groups, there was statistical increase in NE levels at positive response (C, D). *p < 0.05. p < 0.01.