CLINICAL STUDY
long-term clinical effect of hemodynamically optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and ventricular conduction delay
Angelo Auricchio, MD, PhD*,*,
Christoph Stellbrink, MD ,
Stefan Sack, MD¶,
Michael Block, MD||,
J.ürgen Vogt, MD**,
Patricia Bakker, MD ,
Christof Huth, MD,
Friedrich Schöndube, MD ,
Ulrich Wolfhard, MD#,
Dirk Böcker, MD||,
Olaf Krahnefeld, MD**,
Hans Kirkels, MD, PhD Pacing Therapies in Congestive Heart Failure (PATH-CHF) Study Group
* CardiologyMagdeburg, Germany
Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
Cardiology, Magdeburg, Germany
Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
|| Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
¶ Cardiology, Münster, Germany
# Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
** Heart Center, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
Cardiac Surgery, Essen, Germany
Cardiology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Manuscript received July 12, 2001;
revised manuscript received March 6, 2002,
accepted March 29, 2002.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Angelo Auricchio, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Leipzigerstrasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
angelo.auricchio{at}medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare the short- and long-term clinical effects of atrial synchronous pre-excitation of one (univentricular) or both ventricles (biventricular), that provide cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
BACKGROUND: In patients with heart failure (HF) who have a ventricular conduction delay, CRT improves systolic hemodynamic function. The clinical benefit of CRT is still being investigated.
METHODS: Forty-one patients were randomized to four weeks of first treatment with biventricular or univentricular stimulation, followed by four weeks without treatment, and then four weeks of a second treatment with the opposite stimulation. The best CRT stimulation was continued for nine months. Cardiac resynchronization therapy was optimized by hemodynamic testing at implantation. The primary end points were exercise capacity measures. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance.
RESULTS: The left ventricle was selected for univentricular pacing in 36 patients. The clinical effects of univentricular and biventricular CRT were not significantly different. The results of each method were pooled to assess sequential treatment effects. Oxygen uptake during bicycle exercise increased from 9.48 to 10.4 ml/kg/min at the anaerobic threshold (p = 0.03) and from 12.5 to 14.3 ml/kg/min at peak exercise (p < 0.001) with the first treatment, and from 10.0 to 10.7 ml/kg/min at the anaerobic threshold (p = 0.2) and from 13.4 to 15.2 ml/kg/min at peak exercise (p = 0.002) with the second treatment. The 6-min walk distance increased from 342 m at baseline to 386 m after the first treatment (p < 0.001) and to 416 m after the second treatment (p = 0.03). All improvements persisted after 12 months of therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac resynchronization therapy produces a long-term improvement in the clinical symptoms of patients with HF who have a ventricular conduction delay. The differences between optimized biventricular and univentricular therapy appear to be small for short-term treatment.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | ANOVA | | analysis of variance | | AV | | atrioventricular | | CRT | | cardiac resynchronization therapy | | ECG | | electrocardiogram/electrocardiographic | | HF | | heart failure | | LV | | left ventricle/left ventricular | | NYHA | | New York Heart Association | | PATH-CHF | | Pacing Therapies in Congestive Heart Failure study | | RV | | right ventricle or ventricular | | SDANN | | standard deviation of averaged normal R-to-R intervals |
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January 27, 2009;
53(4):
355 - 360.
[Abstract]
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B. Sredniawa, R. Lenarczyk, O. Kowalski, P. Pruszkowska-Skrzep, J. Kowalczyk, A. Musialik-Lydka, S. Cebula, and Z. Kalarus
Sleep apnoea as a predictor of mid- and long-term outcome in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy
Europace,
January 1, 2009;
11(1):
106 - 114.
[Abstract]
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F. Zanon, S. Aggio, E. Baracca, G. Pastore, G. Corbucci, G. Boaretto, G. Braggion, C. Piergentili, G. Rigatelli, and L. Roncon
Ventricular-arterial coupling in patients with heart failure treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy: may we predict the long-term clinical response?
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging,
January 1, 2009;
10(1):
106 - 111.
[Abstract]
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S. Buck, A. H. Maass, W. Nieuwland, R. L. Anthonio, D. J. Van Veldhuisen, and I. C. Van Gelder
Impact of interventricular lead distance and the decrease in septal-to-lateral delay on response to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Europace,
November 1, 2008;
10(11):
1313 - 1319.
[Abstract]
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Decreased connexin43 expression in the mouse heart potentiates pacing-induced remodeling of repolarizing currents
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
November 1, 2008;
295(5):
H1905 - H1916.
[Abstract]
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F. I. Parthenakis, A. P. Patrianakos, E. N. Simantirakis, and P. E. Vardas
CRT and exercise capacity in heart failure: the impact of mitral valve regurgitation
Europace,
November 1, 2008;
10(suppl_3):
iii96 - iii100.
[Abstract]
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C. Ypenburg, R. J. van Bommel, V. Delgado, S. A. Mollema, G. B. Bleeker, E. Boersma, M. J. Schalij, and J. J. Bax
Optimal Left Ventricular Lead Position Predicts Reverse Remodeling and Survival After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
October 21, 2008;
52(17):
1402 - 1409.
[Abstract]
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G. A. Upadhyay, N. K. Choudhry, A. Auricchio, J. Ruskin, and J. P. Singh
Cardiac Resynchronization in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
October 7, 2008;
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1239 - 1246.
[Abstract]
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The magnitude of reverse remodelling irrespective of aetiology predicts outcome of heart failure patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy
Eur. Heart J.,
October 2, 2008;
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[Abstract]
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T. Stanton, N. M. Hawkins, K. J. Hogg, N. E.R. Goodfield, M. C. Petrie, and J. J.V. McMurray
How should we optimize cardiac resynchronization therapy?
Eur. Heart J.,
October 2, 2008;
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[Abstract]
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P. Lim, A. Buakhamsri, Z. B. Popovic, N. L. Greenberg, D. Patel, J. D. Thomas, and R. A. Grimm
Longitudinal Strain Delay Index by Speckle Tracking Imaging: A New Marker of Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Circulation,
September 9, 2008;
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[Abstract]
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G. Buckberg, A. Mahajan, S. Saleh, J. I.E. Hoffman, and C. Coghlan
Structure and function relationships of the helical ventricular myocardial band
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.,
September 1, 2008;
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578 - 589.
[Abstract]
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J. Gorcsan III
Is the magnet a better crystal ball for predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy?
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img.,
September 1, 2008;
1(5):
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B. L. Zaret
Cardiac imaging and cardiac resynchronization therapy: time to get in phase.
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img.,
September 1, 2008;
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614 - 616.
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M. B. Kronborg, P. T. Mortensen, R. E. Kirkfeldt, and J. C. Nielsen
Very long term follow-up of cardiac resynchronization therapy: Clinical outcome and predictors of mortality
Eur J Heart Fail,
August 1, 2008;
10(8):
796 - 801.
[Abstract]
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S. H. Lim, G. Y.H. Lip, and J. E. Sanderson
Ventricular optimization of biventricular pacing: a systematic review
Europace,
August 1, 2008;
10(8):
901 - 906.
[Abstract]
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M Marciniak, B Bijnens, A Baltabaeva, A Marciniak, C Parsai, P Claus, and G R Sutherland
Interventricular interaction as a possible mechanism for the presence of a biphasic systolic velocity profile in normal left ventricular free walls
Heart,
August 1, 2008;
94(8):
1058 - 1064.
[Abstract]
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P. P. Delnoy, E. Marcelli, H. Oudeluttikhuis, D. Nicastia, F. Renesto, L. Cercenelli, and G. Plicchi
Validation of a peak endocardial acceleration-based algorithm to optimize cardiac resynchronization: early clinical results
Europace,
July 1, 2008;
10(7):
801 - 808.
[Abstract]
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